{
  "$schema": "./references.schema.json",
  "id": "qcae-references",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "updated": "2026-07-22",
  "references": [
    {
      "id": "reniers-2011",
      "kind": "original-development-validation",
      "languages": [
        "en"
      ],
      "title": "The QCAE: A Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy",
      "authors": [
        "Renate L. E. P. Reniers",
        "Rhiannon Corcoran",
        "Richard Drake",
        "Nick M. Shryane",
        "Birgit A. Völlm"
      ],
      "year": 2011,
      "journal": "Journal of Personality Assessment",
      "volume": "93",
      "issue": "1",
      "pages": "84–95",
      "doi": "10.1080/00223891.2010.528484",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.528484"
    },
    {
      "id": "ivanovic-2020-osf",
      "kind": "translation-repository-record",
      "languages": [
        "sr-Latn"
      ],
      "title": "Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy – QCAE",
      "authors": [
        "Jovan Ivanović",
        "Aleksandra Lazić",
        "Ljiljana Lazarević",
        "Iris Žeželj",
        "Danka Purić"
      ],
      "year": 2020,
      "repository": "OSF / REPOPSI",
      "doi": "10.17605/OSF.IO/MEZ5N",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MEZ5N",
      "note": "A repository/adaptation record. No peer-reviewed Serbian validation paper was located during the 2026 review; licence metadata should be verified directly from the source record."
    },
    {
      "id": "myszkowski-2017",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "fr"
      ],
      "title": "Is the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy measuring two or five dimensions? Evidence in a French sample",
      "authors": [
        "Nils Myszkowski",
        "Eric Brunet-Gouet",
        "Paul Roux",
        "Léonore Robieux",
        "Antoine Malézieux",
        "Emilie Boujut",
        "Franck Zenasni"
      ],
      "year": 2017,
      "journal": "Psychiatry Research",
      "volume": "255",
      "pages": "292–296",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.047",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.047"
    },
    {
      "id": "brunet-gouet-2019",
      "kind": "clinical-validation",
      "languages": [
        "fr"
      ],
      "title": "Confirmation of a Two-Factor Solution to the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in a French Population of Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders",
      "authors": [
        "Eric Brunet-Gouet",
        "Nils Myszkowski",
        "Mickael Ehrminger",
        "Paul Roux",
        "et al."
      ],
      "year": 2019,
      "journal": "Frontiers in Psychiatry",
      "volume": "10",
      "article": "751",
      "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00751",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00751"
    },
    {
      "id": "queiros-2018",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "pt-PT"
      ],
      "title": "Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample",
      "authors": [
        "Andreia Queirós",
        "Eugénia Fernandes",
        "Renate Reniers",
        "Ana Sampaio",
        "Joana Coutinho",
        "Ana Seara-Cardoso"
      ],
      "year": 2018,
      "journal": "PLOS ONE",
      "volume": "13",
      "issue": "6",
      "article": "e0197755",
      "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0197755",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197755",
      "note": "The validated Portuguese scoring variant excludes original item 17."
    },
    {
      "id": "lubke-2024",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "de"
      ],
      "title": "Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version des Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE)",
      "authors": [
        "Laura Lübke",
        "Diana Krogmann",
        "Carsten Spitzer"
      ],
      "year": 2024,
      "journal": "Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie",
      "volume": "74",
      "issue": "11",
      "pages": "454–459",
      "doi": "10.1055/a-2366-9995",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2366-9995",
      "note": "The current site wording has not yet been reconciled against this validated 2024 German form."
    },
    {
      "id": "bukowski-2019-osf",
      "kind": "research-material-source",
      "languages": [
        "de"
      ],
      "title": "German QCAE research materials associated with self–other distinction research",
      "authors": [
        "Henryk Bukowski",
        "Claus Lamm",
        "Giorgia Silani"
      ],
      "year": 2019,
      "repository": "OSF",
      "doi": "10.17605/OSF.IO/HFNK5",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HFNK5",
      "note": "Source of the legacy repository wording; content licence and equivalence to the validated 2024 form remain unresolved."
    },
    {
      "id": "gica-2021",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "tr"
      ],
      "title": "Psychometric Properties of Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE): Reliability and Factor Analysis Study in Turkish Sample",
      "authors": [
        "Şakir Gıca",
        "Ahsen Büyükavşar",
        "M. Sinan İyisoy",
        "Hüseyin Güleç"
      ],
      "year": 2021,
      "journal": "Archives of Neuropsychiatry",
      "volume": "58",
      "issue": "3",
      "pages": "228–233",
      "doi": "10.29399/npa.27248",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.27248",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0"
    },
    {
      "id": "gica-2024-correction",
      "kind": "correction",
      "languages": [
        "tr"
      ],
      "title": "Correction: Psychometric Properties of Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE): Reliability and Factor Analysis Study in Turkish Sample",
      "authors": [
        "Şakir Gıca",
        "Ahsen Büyükavşar",
        "M. Sinan İyisoy",
        "Hüseyin Güleç"
      ],
      "year": 2024,
      "journal": "Archives of Neuropsychiatry",
      "volume": "61",
      "issue": "1",
      "pages": "97–98",
      "doi": "10.29399/npa.28743",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.28743"
    },
    {
      "id": "di-girolamo-2019",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "it"
      ],
      "title": "The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy: A Comparison Between Paper-and-Pencil Versus Online Formats in Italian Samples",
      "authors": [
        "Michele Di Girolamo",
        "et al."
      ],
      "year": 2019,
      "journal": "Journal of Personality Assessment",
      "volume": "101",
      "issue": "2",
      "doi": "10.1080/00223891.2017.1389745",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1389745"
    },
    {
      "id": "liang-2019",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "zh-CN"
      ],
      "title": "Validation and extension of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in the Chinese setting",
      "authors": [
        "Yun-Si Liang",
        "Han-Xue Yang",
        "Yan-Tao Ma",
        "Simon S. Y. Lui",
        "Eric F. C. Cheung",
        "Yi Wang",
        "Raymond C. K. Chan"
      ],
      "year": 2019,
      "journal": "PsyCh Journal",
      "volume": "8",
      "issue": "4",
      "pages": "439–448",
      "doi": "10.1002/pchj.281",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.281"
    },
    {
      "id": "okatova-2021",
      "kind": "translation-validation",
      "languages": [
        "ru"
      ],
      "title": "Approbation of the Russian Version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy",
      "authors": [
        "Maria Okatova"
      ],
      "year": 2021,
      "journal": "Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics",
      "volume": "18",
      "issue": "4",
      "pages": "685–699",
      "doi": "10.17323/1813-8918-2021-4-685-699",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2021-4-685-699",
      "note": "Published 29-item variant excluding original items 1 and 17. Redistribution terms for the item wording have not been confirmed."
    },
    {
      "id": "kim-2018",
      "kind": "thesis-validation",
      "languages": [
        "ko"
      ],
      "title": "The validation of the Korean version of Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (K-QCAE)",
      "authors": [
        "Minju Kim"
      ],
      "year": 2018,
      "publisher": "Sookmyung Women’s University Graduate School",
      "url": "https://dl.nanet.go.kr/detail/KDMT1201842578",
      "note": "Master’s thesis reporting a reduced 26-item version; exact reusable wording and permissions are still needed."
    }
  ],
  "activeVariants": {
    "en": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "reniers-2011"
      ]
    },
    "sr-Latn": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "ivanovic-2020-osf"
      ]
    },
    "fr": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "myszkowski-2017",
        "brunet-gouet-2019"
      ]
    },
    "pt-PT": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "queiros-2018"
      ]
    },
    "de": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "lubke-2024",
        "bukowski-2019-osf"
      ],
      "status": "provisional-wording"
    },
    "tr": {
      "referenceIds": [
        "gica-2021",
        "gica-2024-correction"
      ]
    }
  },
  "integrationCandidates": [
    {
      "locale": "it",
      "language": "Italian",
      "referenceIds": [
        "di-girolamo-2019"
      ],
      "status": "blocked-needs-validated-items-and-rights"
    },
    {
      "locale": "zh-CN",
      "language": "Chinese (Simplified)",
      "referenceIds": [
        "liang-2019"
      ],
      "status": "blocked-needs-validated-items-and-rights"
    },
    {
      "locale": "ru",
      "language": "Russian",
      "referenceIds": [
        "okatova-2021"
      ],
      "status": "blocked-needs-rights-confirmation"
    },
    {
      "locale": "ko",
      "language": "Korean",
      "referenceIds": [
        "kim-2018"
      ],
      "status": "blocked-needs-thesis-appendix-and-rights"
    },
    {
      "locale": "de",
      "language": "German validated 2024 wording",
      "referenceIds": [
        "lubke-2024"
      ],
      "status": "blocked-needs-validated-item-file-or-supplement"
    },
    {
      "locale": "sr-Latn",
      "language": "Serbian Latin",
      "referenceIds": [
        "ivanovic-2020-osf"
      ],
      "status": "active-but-needs-direct-metadata-and-license-verification"
    }
  ]
}